Brainwave entrainment is a method to stimulate the brain into entering a specific state by using a pulsing sound, light, or electromagnetic field. The pulses elicit the brain’s ‘frequency following’ response, encouraging the brainwaves to align to the frequency of a given beat.
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Yoga nidra, also known as yogi sleep, is a state similar to sleep which yogis claim to enter into while they are meditating. This type of lucid sleeping is generally considered to be among the deepest states of relaxation that a person can be in while they are still able to maintain complete consciousness. Western people often refer to a similar state of relaxation as lucid dreaming. The difference between these two is the level to which a person is able to remain cognizant of the real world instead of the environment in their dreams. Lucid dreaming involves a person only being cognizant of their dream world. The person will not be aware of anything happening in the real world.
History
The concept of nidra being used during the practice of yoga dates back to ancient times in the Buddhist and Hindu religions. The practice was lost for many centuries until it was revived in the middle of the 20th century by Swami Satyananda Saraswati. He spent many years studying the various tantric scriptures. Once he had mastered the practice, he devised a system of relaxation that he began to teach his students. It became increasing popular, eventually being taught by people in far away cities. Swami Saraswati’s form of nidra involves eight stages. These stages are called externalization, creative visualization, breath awareness, sankalpa, manifestation of opposites, rotation of consciousness and internalization. The basic framework of Swami Saraswati’s teachings have been carried on during the past half century, with slight modifications being made by various people over the years.
Scientific Studies
There have been scientific studies conducted in an effort to verify the existence of a transcendental consciousness, which is another way of describing the nidra state that exists in the middle of sleep and sensory consciousness. In 1971, Dr. Elmer Green performed experiments at the Menninger Foundation that allowed evidence of this nidra state to be recorded for the first time. A yogi by the name of Swami Rama allowed his brainwave activity to be recorded using an electroencephalograph as he relaxed into the nidra state. The swami showed the ability to enter and exit different states of consciousness at will. This was proven by the amazing changes in his brain’s electrical activity. This was considered a major breakthrough for the scientific community at the time.
Benefits
When nidra is used during yoga practice, it has the power to bring a person a high level of clarity and an overwhelming sense of calm. It is one of the deepest forms of meditation. The profound effect that nidra can have on a person goes far beyond simply feeling more relaxed. It can focus the mind and attune the senses in a way that is not possible to achieve when a person is completely awake. Nidra also allows a person to become more attuned to their own emotions, allowing a type of self-examination that is only possible without any external factors getting in the way, as would be the case if the person were awake.
Nidra has been shown to lower a person’s level of anxiety and tension. Abdominal pain, palpitations, giddiness, sweating, chest pain and headache can also be relieved with the use of nidra during meditation. It has successfully relieved posttraumatic stress disorder in military personnel who have seen combat duty.
Brainwave entrainment is a method to stimulate the brain into entering a specific state by using a pulsing sound, light, or electromagnetic field. The pulses elicit the brain’s ‘frequency following’ response, encouraging the brainwaves to align to the frequency of a given beat.
This ‘frequency following’ response of brainwave entrainment can be seen in action with those prone to epilepsy. If a strobe flashes at their seizure frequency, the brain will ‘entrain’ to the flashing light, resulting in a seizure.
On the positive side, this same mechanism is commonly used to induce many brainwave states; such as a trance, enhanced focus, relaxation, meditation or sleep induction. The brainwave entrainment effectively pushes the entire brain into a certain state.
Brainwave entrainment works for almost everyone. It is a great way to lead your mind into states that you might usually have difficulty reaching, allowing you to experience what those states feel like.
THE HYPE
There is a lot of marketing hype around brainwave entrainment. It is sold with promises of increasing IQ, promoting weight loss, ‘mind-tripping’, enhancing creativity, concentration, inducing spiritual states and more.
While these claims are not entirely true, they are not altogether false either. In practice, the claims are based on an overly-simplistic view of how the brain and the brainwaves function.
THE RUB
People are very seldom deficient in a certain brainwave type in all areas of their brain. Usually the distribution is much spottier, with an excess in one area and a deficiency in another.
We are all different, especially when it comes to the distribution of our brainwaves. Boosting a certain brainwave state may be beneficial for one person, and emotionally uncomfortable for another. Without knowing each person’s starting position, entrainment can be rather ‘hit and miss’.
If brainwave entrainment leaves you with unwanted side-effects (see below) or discomfort, you’re probably encouraging a range of brainwaves that are already excessive in some area of your brain. The way around this is to get a brain map to see what your brain’s strengths and weaknesses are, and see what (if any) brainwaves could use some encouragement.